2025 Federal Tax Amounts and Limits

To help you stay informed of changes to federal tax amounts and limits, use this quick-reference sheet. Note: This sheet applies only to federal tax laws for the tax year 2025 and not to state tax laws. Information is as of January 1, 2025.

General Income Tax

Joint Returns/Surviving Spouse

Min. Max. Tax on Min. Rate on Excess
$0 23,850 $0 10%
23,851 96,950 2,385 12%
96,950 206,700 11,157 22%
206,701 394,600 35,302 24%
394,601 501,050 80,398 32%
501,051 751,600 114,462 35%
751,601 - 202,154 37%
 

Head of Household

Min. Max. Tax on Min. Rate on Excess
$0 $17,000 $0 10%
17,001 64,850 1,700 12%
64,851 103,350 7,442 22%
103,351 197,300 15,912 24%
197,301 250,500 38,460 32%
250,501 626,350 55,484 35%
626,351 - 187,031 37%
 

Single Individuals

Min. Max. Tax on Min. Rate on Excess
$0 $11,925 $0 10%
11,926 48,475 1,192 12%
48,476 103,350 5,578 22%
103,351 197,300 17,651 24%
197,301 250,525 40,199 32%
250,526 626,350 57,231 35%
626,351 - 188,769 37%
 

Married Filing Separate

Min. Max. Tax on Min. Rate on Excess
$0 $11,925 $0 10%
11,926 48,475 1,192 12%
48,476 103,350 5,578 22%
103,351 197,300 17,651 24%
197,301 250,525 40,199 32%
250,526 626,350 57,231 35%
375,801 - 101,077 37%
 

Estates and Trusts

Min. Max. Tax on Min. Rate on Excess
$0 $3,150 $0 10%
3,151 11,450 315 24%
11,451 15,650 2,307 35%
15,651 - 3,777 37%

Standard Deduction

Joint Returns and Surviving Spouse $30,000
Heads of Households $22,500
Single Individuals
 $15,000
Married Filing Separate $15,000
Dependent $1,350, or $450 plus earned income, if greater
Aged or Blind - Unmarried and not Surviving Spouse $2,000 each
Aged or Blind - Other $1,600 each

Kiddie Tax

Amount
 $1,350
Exemption $2,700
Alternative Minimum Tax Exemption $9,550 plus earned income

Child Tax Credit

Amount
 $2,000
Refundable Threshold $1,700

AMT Exemption Amounts

Tax Filing Status AMT Exemption Amounts
Joint Returns and Surviving Spouse $137,000
Single Individuals/Heads of Households $88,100
Married Filing Separate $68,500
Estates and Trusts $30,700
Excess Taxable Income 28% Applies
Married Filing Separate $119,550
Joint Returns/Surviving Spouses/Single Estates and Trusts $239,100

MAGI Threshold for Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)

Tax Filing Status MAGI Threshold
Joint Returns and Surviving Spouse $250,000
Single Individuals/Heads of Households $200,000
Married Filing Separate $125,000
Estates and Trusts $15,560
Net Investment Income - e.g., interest, dividends, capital gains, rental income, royalty income, non-qualified annuities, passive income from business
Net Investment Income Tax - 3.8% of lesser of MAGI over thresholds OR net investment income

American Opportunity Tax Credit Phaseout

Contribution Limit for 100% Tax Credit $2,000
25% Tax Credit for Amount Between $2,000-$4,000
American Opportunity Tax Credit Phaseout
Joint Return $160,000 / $180,000
All Other $80,000 / $90,000

Capital Gain/Qualified Dividends Rates

Annual Income & Filing Status Capital Gains/Qualified Dividends Rates
Under: $94,050 (joint)
$63,000 (H-O-H)
$43,025 (single & married filing separately)		 0%
$94,050-$573,750 (joint)
$63,000-$551,350 (H-O-H)
$47,025-$518,900 (single)
$47,025-$291,850 (married filing separately)		 15%
Over: $583,750 (joint)
$551,350 (H-O-H)
$518,900 (single)
$291,850 (married filing separately)		 20%

Estate Planning

Gift Tax Annual Exclusion $19,000
Annual Exclusion: Non-U.S. Spouse
 $190,000
Estate and Gift Tax Unified Credit
 $5,541,800
Estate and Gift Tax Exclusion Amount
 $13,990,000
Top Gift and Estate Tax Rate
 40%
GST Exemption
 $13,990,000

Income Tax Charitable Deduction Limitations

Limit1 Gift Charity Value
60%2 Cash Public
 FMV
50% Ordinary Income
 Public Basis
50% UUTPP
 Public Basis
30%3 LTCG Public FMV4
Ordinary Income Public Basis
Other than LTCG Private Basis
20%5 LTCG Private Basis6

FMV = fair market value

LTCG = long-term capital gains property

UUTPP = unrelated use tangible personal property

1Percentage of adjusted gross income (AGI), 5-year carryover for disallowed deductions

2Gifts to charity (not for use of charity)

3Lesser of 30% limit or unused 50% limit

4Can elect 50% limit for gifts of LTCG to public charity if use basis as value

5Lesser of 20% limit or unused 30% limit

6FMV for qualified appreciated stock

Source: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

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Variable insurance products are distributed by Pacific Select Distributors, LLC (member FINRA & SIPC), a subsidiary of Pacific Life Insurance Company and an affiliate of Pacific Life & Annuity Company. 

The home office for Pacific Life & Annuity Company is located in Phoenix, Arizona. The home office for Pacific Life Insurance Company is located in Omaha, Nebraska.

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